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T*
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T*
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1.0137 -1.1174 TD
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T*
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T*
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0 -1.1174 TD
[(analyze)-502.1(samples)-506.3(that)-501.2(have)-502.1(been)-502.1(shielded)-500.8(from)-500.9(the)-499.9(harsh)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(conditions)-409.8(that)-403.2(prevail)-407.7(at)-406.7(the)-407.8(surface,)-406(where)-411.9(radiation)-404.3(and)]TJ
T*
[(oxidants)-436.3(can)-437.6(destroy)-435(organic)-436.4(compounds.)-436(The)-437.6(lander)-435.2(will)]TJ
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[(be)-412.3(equipped)-420.2(with)-414.5(instruments)-417.7(devoted)-413.3(to)-411.3(atmos)-7.8(pheric)-412.2(and)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(geophysical)-338.2(investigations.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(ESA)-477.5(and)-471(Roscos)-8.4(mos)-470.9(agreed)-482.4(a)-474.6(balanced)-480.1(sharing)-475.3(of)-474.5(re-)]TJ
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[(sponsibilities)-270.2(for)-268.2(the)-269.5(different)-271.6(elements.)-270.5(ESA)-270.2(would)-271.5(provide)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-476.9(TGO)-472.8(and)-471(EDM)-478.6(for)-469.8(the)-476.9(rst)-470.7(missio)-7.7(n,)-471.1(and)-471(the)-476.9(carrier)]TJ
T*
[(and)-453.7(rover)-455.9(for)-458.3(the)-453.8(second.)-455.7(Roscosmos)-462(would)-450(furnish)-456.8(both)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(launchers)-330.1(and)-321.2(be)-325.9(in)-319.1(charge)-326.8(of)-324.7(the)-321.4(second)-325.5(missions)-327.6(descent)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(module.)-369.7(NASA)-375.5(would)-369.4(also)-368.4(deliver)-373.1(important)-375.5(contributions)]TJ
T*
[(to)-284.6(ExoMars,)-284.9(such)-287.6(as)-285.4(the)-281.1(Electra)-289.1(ultra)-283.4(high)-286.8(frequency)-284(\(UHF\))]TJ
T*
[(radio)-697.9(package)-697.8(for)-688.6(TGO-to-Mars)-11.2(-surface)-697.4(proximity)-691.1(link)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(communications,)-474.3(engineering)-476.6(support)-468.4(to)-474.6(the)-471.1(EDM,)-470.5(and)-471(a)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(major)-249.9(part)-241.8(of)-244.1(Mars)-248.2(organic)-246.3(molecule)-249.9(analyzer)-249.7(\()-81.7(MOMA\),)-248.6(the)]TJ
T*
[(organic)-338.4(molecule)-336.3(characterization)-343(instrument)-336.1(on)-330.5(the)-332.9(rover.)]TJ
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8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 374.4566 Tm
[(3.)-501.1(Early)-333.4(Mars)-333.6(as)-331.3(an)-338.9(Exobiology)-332.9(Target)]TJ
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9.843 0 0 9.843 72 358.0157 Tm
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[(Mars)-265.4(was)-264.3(wetter,)-272.7(sometime)-267.1(within)-261.3(the)-269.5(rst)-263.3(half)-264.9(billion)-261.7(years)]TJ
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[(after)-405.3(planetary)-399.5(formation)-404.2(\(Nisbet)-407.2(and)-396.1(Sleep,)-402.9(2001;)-403.1(Zahnle)]TJ
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[(et)-418.2(al.)]TJ
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[(,)-423.9(2007\).)-417.9(Conditions)-421.2(then)-420.4(were)-422.3(similar)-419.2(to)-417(those)-421.3(when)]TJ
-2.1772 -1.1116 TD
[(microbes)-306(gained)-302.8(a)-301.8(foothold)-302.8(on)-295.9(the)-304.1(young)-299.3(Earth.)-305.1(This)-305(marks)]TJ
T*
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[(Solar)-283.1(System.)-288.7(The)-282.1(knowledge)-284(we)-286.5(have)-283.2(gathered)-283.1(about)-289(early)]TJ
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[(Earth)-439.9(environments)-437.3(and)-436.4(biosignatures)-442.8(has)-436.2(been)-432.9(extremely)]TJ
T*
[(useful)-445.4(\(Faire)]TJ
4.9015 .0403 TD
()Tj
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(n)Tj
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[(et)-441.2(al.)]TJ
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[(,)-441.2(2010;)-443.4(Westall,)-442.1(2012;)-443.4(Westall)]TJ
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0 -1.1116 TD
[(how)-614.7(their)-617.4(evolution)-622(may)-616.2(have)-617.3(affected)-618.3(the)-620.9(availability)]TJ
T*
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[(tion,)-330.6(and)-327(its)-331.7(preservation)-327.7(record)-331.4(accessibility)-336(in)-330.6(the)-327.1(context)]TJ
T*
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T*
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12.8787 0 TD
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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(2)Tj
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T*
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[(et)-314.5(al)20.7(.)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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[(their)-316.4(h).3(ea)4.9(t)-322.3(m)-.9(o)6.1(r).4(e)-323.4(s)6.3(lowly)6.1(.)-318.8(Since)-317.6(our)-316.4(siste)4.9(r)-322.2(pl)6(anet)-316.6(was)-316.3(c)-.8(los)6.3(e)-.8(r)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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[(For)-400.5(life)-403.2(to)-399.7(have)-404.1(a)-399.7(chance,)-400.6(our)-400.7(planets)-407.5(had)-396.1(to)-399.7(get)-402(rid)-400.8(of)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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2.4018 0 TD
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6.9692 0 TD
[(et)-320.3(al.)]TJ
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2.4018 0 TD
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4.1297 .0403 TD
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[(VAGO)-335.6(ET)-338.7(AL.)]TJ
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146 0 obj
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T*
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T*
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T*
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5.4026 .0403 TD
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
[(expression:)-308(the)-304.1(ion)-302.9(beams.)-306(We)-305.1(do)-307.5(not)-302.9(know)-299(whether)-310.5(Venus)]TJ
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[(ever)-317.7(had)-309.7(a)-313.3(magnetic)-319.1(eld.)-314.2(Perhaps)-314.9(core)-312(convection)-320(was)-310.4(too)]TJ
25.5097 25.6076 TD
[(weak)-549(for)-550.4(its)-550.5(creation)-553.9(\(Stevenson,)-552.2(2003,)-549.3(2010\),)-550.3(but)-550.6(not-)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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[(the)-332.9(three)-336.2(planets)-338.4(pointed)-331.7(downward,)-337.7(into)-333(the)-332.9(mantle.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Roughly)-291.1(120)-164.6(Myr)-297.9(into)-292.6(our)-291.3(Solar)-294.6(Systems)-298.7(historyabout)]TJ
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T*
[(fueled)-331.6(by)-324.7(their)-329.4(own)-326.7(internal)-334(heat.)-327.1(Initial)-331.9(size)-329.2(and)-327(rotational)]TJ
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T*
[(timately)-490.9(shape)-485.7(the)-488.4(evolution)-489.5(of)-486(the)-488.4(surface)-489(environment.)]TJ
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[(The)-454.9(global)-457.3(oceans)-459.2(were)-456.8(still)-455.1(hot)-452.7(\(about)-457.1(500)-170.3(K\),)-455.7(but)-452.7(their)]TJ
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[(temperature)-421.4(would)-415.5(start)-415.6(to)-411.3(wane)-416.5(\(Sleep)]TJ
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16.9739 0 TD
[(et)-418.2(al.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
2.1772 0 TD
[(,)-412.4(2001\);)-415.7(this)]TJ
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[(would)-259.9(have)-260.2(occurred)-265.7(much)-260.2(faster)-268(in)-255.8(the)-263.8(case)-261.1(of)-261.4(Mars,)-263.1(which)]TJ
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[(luminosity)-479.1(was)-477.4(roughly)-480.1(70%)-476.7(that)-478.1(of)-480.2(today.)-476.8(Calcium)-484.9(and)]TJ
T*
[(magnesium)-440.9(carbonate)-435.1(could)-438.8(form)-437.5(in)-434.3(equilibrium)-441.2(with)-437.5(ba-)]TJ
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