Abitare i margini : nuove forme di comunità e welfare condiviso : il caso del Subappennino Dauno e di Borgo Mezzanone

INHABITING THE MARGINS: NEW FORMS OF COMMUNITY AND SHARING WELFARE. THE CASE OF THE SUBAPPENINO DAUNO AND BORGO MEZZANONE. In the province of Foggia coexist some contradictions of a physical territorial nature that have significant social consequences and define a widespread malaise to investigate. One of them is the depopulation of Subappennino Dauno, the only internal Apennine area of Puglia, which is affected by the national phenomenon of depopulation of inland areas in favour of the coast. The other is the overcrowding of the slum of Borgo Mezzanone (between Manfredonia and Foggia), inhabited by immigrants only, in which the daily conditions of the inhabitants are at the extreme limit of liveability and in which the inhabited settlement derives from the needs of seasonal work and subjected to caporalato. The two phenomena have always been considered separately, as profoundly different types of emergencies. The first, as an emergency of public order, sanitation, humanitarian etc. The other, as a problem due to a weak economy that continues to favour emigration to the city. The research aims to investigate ways of intervention on housing and the welfare system to hypothesize systemic interventions on both emergencies, fostering joint work at the provincial level able to give shared answers to improve the quality of life in both contexts. Moving a certain number of immigrants to decrease the population density where it is greater and increasing it where it is lower cannot be considered a solution, but it could be a first step in an overall strategy, necessary but not sufficient. The work to be done is to link to the specificities of the Subappennino such as the beauty of the historic centres, the geomorphological fragility of the territory and the quality of the agrarian landscapes to build new identity systems. Working with civil society, communities and migrants in local disaster risk management activities means taking action to make slums unsustainable, resilience capacity for the Subappennino and open new economic perspectives to define new welfare models.