Sugars and Polyols Composition of Some European Olive Fruit Varieties (Olea europaea L.) Suitable for Table Olive Purposes

An experimental investigation was carried out on olive fruits of Douro, Hojiblanca, Cassanese, Taggiasca and Thasos cultivars, to assess free sugar and polyol compositions and their changes during ripening and processing. TMS ethers of sugars from olive pulp were analysed by GC and GC-MS and identification of each sugar component was obtained by comparison of retention times and mass spectra with those of authentic compounds. Quantitation of sugars was performed on mixture whose tautomeric equilibria were stable. Glucose, fructose and galactose were the main sugars found in olive pulp. Appreciable quantities of mannitol were also present. Sucrose and inositol were present in very low concentrations. A significant correlation (r=0.941) between mannitol and oil contents was found. Sugar content decreased from green to cherry and black colour, according to the stage of ripeness of fruits. In processed olive-fruits, sugar contents varied among olive cultivars according to processing conditions.