Valutazione istologica della risposta ossea a una nuova superficie implantare sabbiata e mordenzata: uno studio sperimentale sul coniglio.

Different approaches are being investigated to try to obtain an ideal implant surface that is conducive to bone formation in the peri-implant region. A considerable variation exists in surface properties like topography, roughness, oxide thickness, oxide composition, microstructure, impurity levels. Cells have been shown to relate to different types of surfaces: macrophages, for example, have been shown to affect “rugophilia”, while fibroblasts did not adhere to the same surfaces. Osteoblasts are responsible for the bone formation around implants. A large series of implants with different surfaces are marketed. The implant surface can be machined, or the surface can be treated with subtractive treatments like sandblasting or acid-etching or addition treatments like, for example, titanium plasma-spray, hydroxyapatite or other coatings. The migration, attachment and spreading of the osteogenic cells towards the implant surface is of fundamental importance in bone regeneration around the implants. Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were used in the present study. Thirty-two implants have been inserted in the femoral knee joint of the rabbits. In each rabbit, two implants (one in the left and one in the right knee) have been inserted. Four rabbits have been killed each time after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Good peri-implant bone healing was achieved in this study, therefore we can conclude that alumina dioxide sand-blasting and etching is a viable treatment for implant surfaces in order to obtain the best bone healing.