Aim: In-water pre-breathing oxygen at various depths reduces decompression-induced bubble formation and platelet activation, but it could induce side effects such as oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in-water pre-breathing oxygen, at different depths, on the oxidative status and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) of peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from six divers. They participated in a 4-diving protocol. Two week recovery time was allowed between successive dives. Before diving, all divers, for 20 min, breathed normally at sea level (dive 1), 100% oxygen at sea level (dive 2), 100% oxygen at 6 msw (dive 3), 100% oxygen at 12 msw (dive 4). Then they dived to 30 msw for 20 min with air tank. Methods: Blood samples were collected before and after each dive. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, catalase (CAT) activity, mRNA expression of CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the [Ca2+]i in lymphocytes were measured. Results: The dives slightly decreased lymphocyte number and significantly reduced lymphocyte H2O2 levels. CAT activity was higher after scuba diving and, dive 3 enhanced mRNA gene expression of CAT, GPx and SOD. The [Ca2+]i was higher after dive 1 and 2 than pre-diving, while was maintained at pre-diving value after dive 3 and 4. Conclusion: Our results suggest that pre-breathing oxygen, in particular at 12 msw, may enhance lymphocyte antioxidant activity and reduce reactive oxygen species levels. Pre-breathing oxygen in water may also preserve calcium homeostasis, suggesting a protective role in the physiological lymphocyte cell functions.
Effect of pre-breathing oxygen at different depth on oxidative status and calcium concentration in lymphocytes of scuba divers
MORABITO, Caterina;CORONA, CARLO;MANCINELLI, Rosa;MARIGGIO', Maria Addolorata
2011-01-01
Abstract
Aim: In-water pre-breathing oxygen at various depths reduces decompression-induced bubble formation and platelet activation, but it could induce side effects such as oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in-water pre-breathing oxygen, at different depths, on the oxidative status and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) of peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from six divers. They participated in a 4-diving protocol. Two week recovery time was allowed between successive dives. Before diving, all divers, for 20 min, breathed normally at sea level (dive 1), 100% oxygen at sea level (dive 2), 100% oxygen at 6 msw (dive 3), 100% oxygen at 12 msw (dive 4). Then they dived to 30 msw for 20 min with air tank. Methods: Blood samples were collected before and after each dive. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, catalase (CAT) activity, mRNA expression of CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the [Ca2+]i in lymphocytes were measured. Results: The dives slightly decreased lymphocyte number and significantly reduced lymphocyte H2O2 levels. CAT activity was higher after scuba diving and, dive 3 enhanced mRNA gene expression of CAT, GPx and SOD. The [Ca2+]i was higher after dive 1 and 2 than pre-diving, while was maintained at pre-diving value after dive 3 and 4. Conclusion: Our results suggest that pre-breathing oxygen, in particular at 12 msw, may enhance lymphocyte antioxidant activity and reduce reactive oxygen species levels. Pre-breathing oxygen in water may also preserve calcium homeostasis, suggesting a protective role in the physiological lymphocyte cell functions.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
