UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of bioactive constituents from two Romanian Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berries cultivars and their antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and real-time cytotoxicological evaluation

Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berries are emphasized as healthy food or used widely as dietary supplements. The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of berries extracts from two selected Romanian cultivars have been evaluated. UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis results revealed the presence of vitamin C and related compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids (oxylipins), and spermidine derivatives. In particular, cv. Erma showed a strong tyrosinase-inhibitory effect, whereas cv. Biglifeberry had a superior antioxidant capacity. Particularly, results provided by CUPRAC assay showed the highest antioxidant capacity values (26.91 mgTE/g and 35.41 mgTE/g, for Erma and Biglifeberry, respectively). Toxicological properties of extracts were evaluated on human embryonic kidney cells using cytotoxicity analysis with the iCELLigence Technology. There were no cytotoxic effects observed, in a time and dose dependent manner. Overall, Goji berries are a rich source of bioactive compounds with functional properties that need further risk/benefit evaluation when used in foods or health-promoting formulations.