In vitro biological propensities and chemical profiling of Euphorbia milii Des Moul (Euphorbiaceae): A novel source for bioactive agents

TheplantsofEuphorbiagenushavebeenextensivelystudiedfortheirnutritiveandtherapeuticpurposes.Thepresentresearchistheforemostefforttoinvestigateandcomparethebiologicalactivitiesandchemicalcom-positionofdichloromethane(DCM)andmethanol(MeOH)solventextractsofEuphorbiamilliDesMoulaerialandroot parts. Antioxidant potential was determined using six different (FRAP, CUPRAC, Phosphomolybdenum,DPPH,ABTSandferrouschelation)methods.Theenzymeinhibitioneffectsofthetestedextractswereevaluatedagainst acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase, α-amylase and tyrosinase.Similarly,theamountoftotalphenolicandflavonoidcontentswereassessedviaspectrophotometricmethodsandindividualsecondarymetaboliteswerealsodeterminedusingUHPLC-MSanalysis.MethanolicextractsfrombothaerialandrootpartscontainedthehighestcontentsforphenolicandflavonoidswhichtendstocorrelatewiththeirsignificantDPPH,ABTS(radicalscavenging),FRAP,CUPRAC(reducingpower)andα-glucosidaseinhibitionpotentials.While,boththeDCMextractscontainingthelowestbioactivecontentsweremostactiveinthephosphomolybdenumassay,cholinesterasesandtyrosinaseinhibition.Therootextractsprovedtobeabettersourceofbioactiveantioxidantmolecules.Additionally,UHPLC-MSprofilingofboththemethanolicextractsrevealedthepresenceoftotal16secondarymetabolitesbelongingtofivemajorgroups(phenolic,flavonoid,coumarin,glycosideandalkaloid).Toconclude,ourresultssuggestthatE.miliicanbeconsideredasapromisingleadoriginfornaturalbioactiveenzymeinhibitoryandantioxidantcompoundswhichcouldpavethewayforindustrialapplications