Endurance-dependent urinary extracellular vesicles signature: shape, metabolic miRNAs and purine content distinguish triathletes from inactive people

Extracellular vesicles, enriched with biomolecules have gained a great attention by the world of Nanotechnologies because they play an important role in intercellular communication with low immunological impact. Among biological matrices, urine has emerged as a non-invasive source of extracellular-contained liquid biopsy, useful as “diagnostic” biofluid for metabolic status as well as source of therapeutic molecules. We found inactive versus endurance-trained specific extracellular vesicles signatures in urine in term of peculiar shape and metabolic and muscle-derived regulatory miRNAs (miR378a-5p miR27a-3p mirLet7b-5p, miR206). These signals present into urinary extracellular vesicles along with guanosine can be used as signature for metabolic status along with the shape and roughness of urinary EVs, novel informative parameters rarely considered. The Complex Analysis and Network Physiology approach allow to entangle nutritional and exercise factors to EV miRNA and purine content to depict metabolic signatures and pay the way towards promising novel directions for treatment of inactivity and sedentary lifestyle since youth.