Incidence and predictors of post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with proximal DVT in a real-world setting: findings from the GARFIELD-VTE registry

Prandoni, P.; Haas, S.; Fluharty, M. E.; Schellong, S.; Gibbs, H.; Tse, E.; Carrier, M.; Jacobson, B.; ten Cate, H.; Panchenko, E.; Verhamme, P.; Pieper, K.; Kayani, G.; Kakkar, L. A.; Abdullah, N.; Abiko, A.; Abril, J.; Acevedo, D.; Adademir, T.; Adler, D.; Ageno, W.; Agnelli, G.; Ahmed, M.; Aksoy, A.; Aktogu, S.; Ali, G.; Alikhan, R.; Allen, G.; Angchaisuksiri, P.; Antoinette, S.; Arouni, A.; Azeddine, A.; Azim, T.; Backer, W.; Balthazar, Y.; Bang, S.; Banyai, M.; Barbarash, O.; Barrionuevo, M.; Bary, M.; Battaloglu, B.; Bax, W.; Beatrice, T.; Behrens, S.; Belenky, D.; Benitez, J.; Berli, M.; Bernadette, P.; Berni, A.; Betsbrugge, M.; Beyers, A.; Bezuidenhout, A.; Bidi, C.; Bilderling, P.; Binet, L.; Biss, T.; Blasco, L.; Blessing, E.; Blombery, P.; Bono, J.; Boomars, K.; Boondumrongsagoon, J.; Borges, L.; Bosch, M.; Botha, L.; Bounameaux, H.; Boussy, T.; Bowers, M.; Boyarkin, M.; Brauer, C.; Burbury, K.; Burianova, H.; Burov, Y.; Cader, C.; Canevascini, R.; Capiau, L.; Cappelli, R.; Carine, B.; Carrim, A.; Carroll, P.; Casabella, T.; Cate, H.; Cattaneo, M.; Cech, V.; Cervera, L.; Cha, S.; Chacko, J.; Chang, K.; Chansung, K.; Chao, T.; Chauhan, A.; Chayangsu, S.; Chetanachan, M.; Chew, L.; Chiang, C.; Chiu, K.; Choi, W.; Christian, P.; Christophe, B.; Christophe, S.; Chunilal, S.; Clark, A.; Colak, A.; Correa, J.; Cosmi, B.; Cosmi, F.; Coufal, Z.; Creagh, D.; Cristina, L.; Cuneo, C.; Dalmau, G.; Damien, G.; D'Angelo, A.; Darius, H.; Datta, S.; Dees, A.; Dessoki, M.; Diaz, C.; Diaz, E.; Dogan, E.; Dominique, B.; Dominique, E.; Dominique, S.; Donders, S.; Dorokhov, D.; Duchateau, J.; Duda, N.; Eddie, G.; Elali, H.; Eldin, H.; Elisa, C.; Emmanuel, M.; Erdelyi, B.; Erdkamp, F.; Esheiba, E.; Esperon, G.; Essameldin, S.; Everington, T.; Faghih, M.; Falanga, A.; Fedele, J.; Ferkl, R.; Fernandez, A.; Fernandez, M.; Ferrini, P.; Ferroni, F.; Filho, J.; Fixley, M.; Fletcher, J.; Flores, O.; Francis, C.; Francois, B.; Franow, H.; Gad, A.; Gaffar, M.; Gaffney, M.; Gal, G.; Galvar, J.; Galvez, A.; Gamba, M.; Gan, G.; Gerdes, V.; Gerofke, H.; Gogia, H.; Gordeev, I.; Goto, S.; Griffin, S.; Gris, C.; Grochenig, E.; Gujral, J.; Gur, O.; Gurbuz, O.; Gustin, M.; Guzman, L.; Ha, C.; Haddad, G.; Hagemann, D.; Hainaut, P.; Hameed, M.; Hart, T.; Hasanoglu, H.; Hashas, E.; Haverkamp, W.; Helene, D.; Henry, F.; Herdy, A.; Herreweghe, R.; Hirano, M.; Ho, P.; Ho, W.; Hollanders, G.; Homza, M.; Horacek, T.; Hsia, C.; Huang, C.; Huang, C.; Huang, C.; Humphrey, J.; Hunt, B.; Husin, A.; Hwang, H.; Iamsai, P.; Ibarra, M.; Imberti, D.; Isabelle, M.; Isbir, S.; Jansky, P.; Jiang, W.; Jimenez, D.; Jing, Z.; Joh, J.; Kamalov, G.; Kanda, J.; Kanemoto, M.; Kanitsap, N.; Kanko, M.; Karaarslan, K.; Kassis, J.; Kato, A.; Kazakov, A.; Keeling, D.; Keim, R.; Kelly, A.; Khan, M.; Kho, B.; Khotuntsov, A.; Kim, H.; Kim, I.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.; Kiris, I.; Klamroth, R.; Kleiban, A.; Klein, G.; Kondo, K.; Koretzky, M.; Korte, W.; Koto, M.; Koura, F.; Kovacs, M.; Krasavin, V.; Krichell, A.; Kroeger, K.; Kroening, R.; Krupicka, J.; Kubat, E.; Kucera, D.; Kuki, S.; Kuo, J.; Kvasnicka, J.; Kwok, C.; Kwon, J.; Lai, W.; Lang, P.; Lara, J.; Lastuvka, J.; Lawall, H.; Leahy, M.; Lee, J.; Lee, M.; Leon, R.; Leopold, S.; Levy, M.; Libov, I.; Lin, W.; Lockman, A.; Lodigiani, C.; Looi, I.; Lopez, L.; Loualidi, A.; Lunn, C.; Luo, C.; Luvhengo, T.; Maasdorp, S.; Maccallum, P.; Machowski, A.; Majumder, M.; Makruasi, N.; Malek, W.; Manuel, K.; Marchena, P.; Marino, J.; Martinez, R.; Matsuoka, S.; Mazzone, A.; Mcrae, S.; Mellor, S.; Mendes, R.; Merli, G.; Mestre, A.; Michele, E.; Middeldorp, S.; Miranda, R.; Mohamed, A.; Mohamed, M.; Moia, M.; Moller, D.; Motte, S.; Moustafa, M.; Mumoli, N.; Mun, Y.; Munch, M.; Muntaner, J.; Mustafa, B.; Mutirangura, P.; Myriam, M.; Na, S.; Nagib, M.; Nakamura, H.; Nakamura, M.; Nakazawa, S.; Nam, S.; Natha, B.; Nicolas, F.; Nielsen, J.; Norasetthada, L.; Nordin, N.; Numbenjapon, T.; Nyvad, O.; Ohler, H.; Ohnuma, Y.; Olsen, M.; Onodera, T.; Opitz, C.; Oropallo, A.; Otero, R.; Oto, O.; Paez, J.; Paredes, F.; Park, J.; Park, Y.; Paruk, N.; Patanasing, S.; Paul, G.; Pauw, M.; Peromingo, J.; Petrov, D.; Pharr, W.; Plassmann, G.; Platt, G.; Podpera, I.; Poirier, G.; Poli, D.; Porreca, E.; Prisco, D.; Prosecky, R.; Pumprla, J.; Raedt, H.; Ratsela, R.; Raymundo, S.; Reyes, R.; Reynolds, T.; Ria, L.; Rojnuckarin, P.; Roux, D.; Salem, A.; Santoro, R.; Saraiva, J.; Sathar, J.; Savas, I.; Schiavi, L.; Schmidt, A.; Schmidt, R.; Schroe, H.; Schul, M.; Schwencke, C.; Scott, D.; Shah, G.; Shibata, Y.; Shih, J.; Shim, H.; Sholkamy, S.; Shyu, K.; Singh, R.; Singh, S.; Skowasch, D.; Slocombe, A.; Smith, C.; Sokurenko, G.; Soliman, M.; Solymoss, S.; Song, I.; Sonkin, I.; Souto, J.; Spacek, R.; Staroverov, I.; Staub, D.; Striekwold, H.; Stuecker, M.; Subbotin, Y.; Suchkov, I.; Sun, S.; Surinach, J.; Suwanban, T.; Svatopluk, K.; Svobodova, J.; Tahar, M.; Takeuchi, K.; Tanabe, Y.; Tenorio, I.; Testa, S.; Theodoro, D.; Tian, H.; Tick, L.; Timmermans, L.; Ting, S.; Tiraferri, E.; Toh, C.; Toh, S.; Tolstikhin, V.; Toro, J.; Tosetto, A.; Toufek, B.; Trimarco, B.; Tseng, W.; Turker, H.; Ueng, K.; Usandizaga, E.; Vandenbosch, K.; Vanwelden, J.; Vesely, J.; Vesti, B.; Viboonjuntra, P.; Vilamajo, O.; Vleeschauwer, P.; Wang, H.; Wang, S.; Ward, C.; Watanabe, A.; Watt, S.; Welker, J.; Wells, R.; Wern, K.; Westendorf, J.; White, R.; Wilson, B.; Wong, L.; Wong, R.; Wongkhantee, S.; Wu, C.; Wu, C.; Wu, C.; Yang, J.; Yang, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yavuz, C.; Yeo, E.; Yhim, H.; Yiu, K.; Yoshida, S.; Yoshida, W.; Zaidman, C.; Zateyshchikov, D.; Zeller, T.; Zemek, S.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; Zhu, H.; Zidan, H.; Zidel, B.; Zrazhevskiy, K.; Zubareva, N.

doi:10.1007/s11239-023-02895-7

Although substantial progress has been made in the pathophysiology and management of the post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), several aspects still need clarification. Among them, the incidence and severity of PTS in the real world, the risk factors for its development, the value of patient's self-evaluation, and the ability to identify patients at risk for severe PTS. Eligible participants (n = 1107) with proximal deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) from the global GARFIELD-VTE registry underwent conventional physician's evaluation for PTS 36 months after diagnosis of their DVT using the Villalta score. In addition, 856 patients completed a Villalta questionnaire at 24 months. Variable selection was performed using stepwise algorithm, and predictors of severe PTS were incorporated into a multivariable risk model. The optimistic adjusted c-index was calculated using bootstrapping techniques. Over 36-months, 27.8% of patients developed incident PTS (mild in 18.7%, moderate in 5.7%, severe in 3.4%). Patients with incident PTS were older, had a lower prevalence of transient risk factors of DVT and a higher prevalence of persistent risk factors of DVT. Self-assessment of overall PTS at 24 months showed an agreement of 63.4% with respect to physician's evaluations at 36 months. The severe PTS multivariable model provided an optimistic adjusted c-index of 0.68 (95% CI 0.59-0.77). Approximately a quarter of DVT patients experienced PTS over 36 months after VTE diagnosis. Patient's self-assessment after 24 months provided added value for estimating incident PTS over 36 months. Multivariable risk analysis allowed good discrimination for severe PTS.