Reprogramming methods for induced pluripotent stem cells generation

Regenerative medicine expects to replace the function of tissue or organs damaged by disease, trauma, or congenital issues. The tools used to realize these outcomes are tissue engineering and cellular therapies. Cellular therapy is considered a regenerative medicine strategy based on the use of stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells are the hotspots of cellular therapy due to their features that have been showed promising results. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent, self-renewing cells that are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the developing blastocyst. Pluripotency is the main feature that lead single cell to generate all cell lineages of the developing and adult organism. The use of human ESC (hESC) is ethically controversial, to overcome this problem the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were developed. The aim of the present mini-review is to report a comprehensive summary of the different cellular reprogramming techniques from its initial conception to the present day.