Fetal chronic hypoxia does not affect urinary presepsin levels in newborns at birth

Objectives: Early sepsis detection and diagnosis still constitutes an open issue since the accuracy of standard-of care parameters is biased by a series of perinatal factors including hypoxia. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the effect of fetal chronic hypoxia insult on urine levels of a promising new marker of sepsis, namely presepsin (P-SEP). Methods: We conducted a prospective case-control study in 22 cases of early-intrauterine growth restriction (E-IUGR) compared with 22 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns and 66 healthy controls. P-SEP urine samples were collected over the first 72h from birth. Blood culture and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels were measured in E-IUGR and SGA infants. Perinatal standard monitoring parameters and main outcomes were also recorded. Results: No significant urinary P-SEP differences (p>0.05, for all) were observed among studied groups. Moreover, no significant correlations (p>0.05, for both) between urinary P-SEP and blood CRP levels in both E-IUGR and SGA groups (R=0.08; R=0.07, respectively) were observed. Conclusions: The present results showing the lack of influence of fetal chronic hypoxia on urinary P-SEP levels offer additional data to hypothesize the possible use of urinary P-SEP measurement in neonates in daily clinical practice. Further multicenter prospective data are needed, including infants with early-onset sepsis.