Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion practices in nonprofit and social economy organizations: insights from an exploratory study. (2025). European Journal of Volunteering and Community-Based Projects, 1(4), 1-40.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate how nonprofit organizations interpret and implement Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) principles at the organizational level, examining the tools, policies, and practices adopted and their integration into accountability and communication processes. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative multiple-case study approach, structured in two phases, was conducted in an important central Italian region, a dynamic area with resilient and prosperous nonprofit and social economy organizations. The first phase involves a content analysis of social reports, while the second phase entails semi-structured interviews with managers of selected organizations. Findings: The results confirm that nonprofit organizations represent a unique context for studying DEI practices, as diversity, equity, and inclusion principles are integral to their social mission. Although document analysis only partially reflects this aspect, showing limited integration and ineffective communication of DEI principles, interviews provide more precise and more in-depth evidence of their actual role and practical application in daily operations. Practical implications: Findings provide insights for nonprofit leaders to design and implement DEI strategies effectively, emphasizing the importance of formal policies alongside cultural and behavioural initiatives. Social implications: Enhancing DEI contributes to more equitable and responsive nonprofit organizations, strengthening trust, legitimacy, and service delivery to diverse communities. Originality/value: This study contributes to the under-researched field of DEI in the nonprofit sector, highlighting the role of boards in translating DEI principles into operational practices and providing a framework for future studies on organizational outcomes.