Equitable and sustainable well-being over time: a functional approach

In recent years, studies on well-being have risen to prominence and it has been widely accepted that well-being should be considered a multidimensional phenomenon, beyond its economic feature. In vein of multidimensionality, Italy launched the Equitable and Sustainable well-being (BES) as the official framework for measuring well-being. Exploiting the availability of BES indicators over different sequential years, our research is aimed at computing well-being efficiencies of the Italian province capital cities. The procedure employed in this paper integrates the Malmquist DEA scores with the diversity profile to rank the cities. This joint approach has the benefit to be recast into a functional framework.