Optimized Rutin-incorporating PEGylated Nanoliposomes as a Model with Remarkable Selectivity Against PANC1 and MCF7 Cell Lines

Background: This study aims to enhance the delivery of polyphenols using nanotechnology. Objective: To develop and evaluate liposomal formulations for improved delivery and stability of polyphenols, specifically focusing on Rutin. Methods: Liposomal formulations were meticulously prepared via the Thin-Film Hydration method. Comprehensive physical characterization was conducted, including stability assessments using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The free radical scavenging activity was measured using the DPPH• assay, and MTT cell viability assays were performed to assess anti-proliferative effects. Results: The results demonstrated a significant reduction in nanoparticle size from 123 nm to 116 nm and an increase in charge from -14 to -22 with rising Rutin concentrations. The formulation achieved enhanced homogeneity at a Rutin concentration of 2.0 mg/mL and showed higher stability. Incorporating Rutin improved the formulation's stability over 30 days, as evidenced by a decrease in the Differential Scanning Calorimetry peak temperature from 58.65°C to 54.42°C. Rutin-loaded and co-loaded nanoliposomes exhibited remarkable selectivity against PANC1 and MCF7 cell lines, with IC50 values of 2.13±0.35 μg/mL and 4.75±0.19 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: PEGylated Rutin-loaded nanoliposomes offer a promising platform for biodegradable and biocompatible drug delivery systems, enhancing the bioavailability, solubility, and stability of the polyphenols.